France’s Crédit d’Impôt Recherche (CIR) is a federal R&D incentive designed to support business innovation by reducing the effective cost of research activities. Established in 1983 and continually updated, the CIR allows companies to claim a tax credit of 30 percent of qualifying R&D expenditures for the first €100 million (~$108m USD) and 5 percent for expenses above that threshold. For small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), a portion of the credit is refundable in cash, enabling firms with limited taxable income to access immediate financial benefit. This post explores how the CIR works, including qualification criteria, eligible costs, calculation methods, refundability, documentation requirements, and comparisons to the U.S. federal R&D tax credit.
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Beyond The Tradeoff 